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Kassel kerb
A bus stop kerb is a special kerb (curb in US English) designed for low-floor buses that serve an elevated bus stop platform. The usage spread after good experiences with the Kassel kerb featuring a concave-section that allows for an easier alignment for buses which was first introduced in the German city of Kassel.〔
== History ==
The invention of special curbs for low-floor buses is connected with the introduction of low-floor buses and modern low-floor trams in the late 20th century. The German NEOPLAN Bus GmbH had designed the first bus with a "low-entry section" in 1976 but it was not accepted well in the market. Since the 1980s the Association of German Transport Companies invested into the design for a new standard bus, the "ドイツ語:Standard-Linienbus II" with the second generation Neoplan N 416 from 1982 to find wider acceptance. Shortly later MAN's concurrent Daimler was designing the Mercedes-Benz O405 in 1984 to fit with the new Standard-Bus requirements and this model spread quickly in the market in the late 1980s. Based on the Standard-Bus models a number of variants were developed by their respective manufacturers - here it was the Kässbohrer Setra S 300 NC to show first a low-floor version in 1987 that was sold since 1989. Daimler began to derive the low-floor version of its successful model in the Mercedes-Benz O 405 N that was produced since late 1989 which proved to be a robust design in the following years leading into rising production numbers. Consequently, Neoplan developed again low-floor versions of their Standard-Buses named Neoplan N4014, N4015, N4016 NF with production starting in 1990.
With more low-floor buses being introduced to public transport in Germany in the late 1980s it sparked ideas to optimize accessibility. The introduction of low-floor buses had basically lowered the number of steps from two or three to just one but the remaining step is still a barrier to wheelchairs. A simple elevation of the bus platform is not enough as a bus will often halt at the stop with a gap that is too wide for wheels to come across. The parallel introduction of low-floor trams however showed that with proper horizontal alignment the gap can be small enough to come out as a functional barrier-free design.
The introduction of barrier-free concepts into bus transport systems in the 1990s was successful up to the point that MAN and Daimler stopped producing high-floor city buses in Europe by 2001 - public transport companies had lost interest such designs. While the first special bus stop kerbs where using the Kassel Sonderbord itself other kerb manufacturers followed the model offering kerbs that optimize vertical and horizontal alignment for low-floor buses.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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